MLAFormat.org

How did you do on your finals?

Stephen — Sat, 12 May 2012 15:04:42 +0000

Have a good summer!!!

Good luck on your finals

Stephen — Sat, 28 Apr 2012 12:56:28 +0000

Spring classes are almost over, wishing everyone good luck on their finals.

MLA Format Sample Paper, with Cover Page and Outline

Stephen — Mon, 20 Feb 2012 19:28:01 +0000

Here is a sample paper in MLA format that has both the cover page and the outline pages. This paper has 10 pages so if you are under a slow Internet connection, please wait a few seconds for all of the pages to load. This paper is current with the latest MLA manual.

MLA Format Sample Paper, Title Page

MLA Format Sample Paper, Outline Page 1

MLA Format Sample Paper, Outline Page 2

MLA Format Sample Paper, Page 1

MLA Format Sample Paper, Page 2

MLA Format Sample Paper, Page 3

MLA Format Sample Paper, Page 4

MLA Format Sample Paper, Page 5

MLA Format Sample Paper, Works Cited

MLA Format Sample Paper, End of Sample Paper.

Source:

- Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2006).

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MLA Format Sub-headings

Stephen — Mon, 20 Feb 2012 17:57:54 +0000

If you would like to utilize subheadings (subtitles) in your research paper, it is a good idea to first check with your instructor to be 100% sure what subheading format he/she would like you to use. Utilizing a subheading format that your instructor doesn’t like will loose you points.

Depending on how long your paper is, you will need either one level subheadings or several levels subheadings

One Level Subheadings:

Format: centered, capitalize the first letter but not the whole subtitle.

Example:

MLA Format => Sample Subheadings

*Visit this full sample paper for ideas!

Multi-Level Subheadings:

If your paper has subtitles under subtitles, checkout the format below. Be sure to check with your instructor first if he/she agrees with this format before you decide to use it.

Level	Format
1	Boldface, flush left
2	Italicized, flush left
3	Boldface, centered
4	Italicized, centered
5	Underlined, flush left
Tips:	- Do not capitalize the whole subheadings. Capitalize the first important letters (Example: Limitations of the Study) - A subheading should always have at least two lines of text following it. If a subheading happens to fall at the bottom of a page, move to the next page and start the subheading at the top of the new page.

Reference:

- MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th Edition
- Writing the Research Paper, 7th Edition.

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Last updated: 27 Feb. 2012

APA Headings

Stephen — Thu, 16 Feb 2012 21:43:33 +0000

Headings are section titles in your research paper. In APA, you can have up to 5 levels of headings. Every heading level must contain at least two listings; otherwise, incorporate the material into the heading above that level. In other words, you cannot have just one subheading under “Findings”; you must have at least two.

Level	Format
1	Centered, boldface, first letter in Uppercase.
2	Flush left, boldface, first letter in Uppercase.
3	Indented, boldface, begin with first letter in Uppercase and end the title with a period. Text continues on the same line.
4	Indented, boldface, italicized, begin with first letter in Uppercase and end the title with a period. Text continues on the same line.
5	Indented, italicized, begin with first letter in Uppercase and end the title with a period. Text continues on the same line.

Sample APA Headings:

Sample APA Headings: 2 levels (Tip: omit level 2 and you get a paper with one level)

Sample APA Headings -- Two Levels

Sample APA Headings: 3 levels

Sample APA Headings -- Three Levels

Sample APA Headings: 4 levels (Tips: level 5 is the same as level 4 but without boldface)

Sample APA Headings -- Four Levels

References:

- Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th Edition
- Saginaw Valley State University, Writing and Research Center handouts

APA Format Citation

Stephen — Thu, 16 Feb 2012 16:59:14 +0000

The APA system provides in-text parenthetical citations for quotations, paraphrases, summaries, and other specific information from a source. APA style makes the year of publication part of an in-text citation which refers to a reference list. See some APA format citation/APA style citation examples below.

APA Format Citations Examples:

Author’s Name in Parentheses:
When you include both the author’s name and the year of publication in parentheses, separate them with a comma. To specify the location of a quotation, paraphrase, summary, or other information, add a comma, p. or pp., and the page number(s) on which the material appears in the source. Example: One recent study examines the emotional intensity of “the fan’s link to the star” (Gitlin, 2001, p. 129).

Author’s Name in Discussion:
When you include an author’s name in your discussion, give the date of the source in parentheses after the name. Provide the page number in the source following any quotation or paraphrase. Example: For Gitlin (2001), emotion is the basis of “the fan’s link to the star” (p. 129).

Specific Reference:
Indicate what you are citing: p. (page), chap. (chapter), figure, para. (paragraphs) in electronic sources. Spell potentially confusing words. For classical works always indicate the part (chap. 5), not the page. Example: Teenagers who survive suicide attempts experience distint stages of recovery (Mauk & Weber, 1991, Table 1).

One Author:
You can vary your in-ext citations as you present both the name and date in parentheses, both in the text, or the name in the text. Example: Dell’s 2002 study of charter schools confirmed issues identified earlier (James, 1996) and also updated Rau’s (1998) school classification.

Two Authors:
In a parenthetical citation, separate the names with an ampersand (&); in your text, use the word and. Example: Given evidence that married men earn more than unmarried men (Chun & Lee, 2001), Nakosteen and Zimmer (2001) investigate how earnings affect spousal selection.

Three to Five Authors:
Include all the names, separated by commas, in the first citation. In parenthetical citations, use an ampersand (&) rather than and. Example: Sadeh, Raviv, and Gruber (2000) related “sleep problems and neuropsychological functioning in children” (p. 292). In any following references, give only the first author’s name and et al. (and others): Sadeh et al. (2000) reported their findings.

Six or More Authors:
In all textcitations, follow the first author with et al. Example: (Berg et el., 1998).

Corporate or Group Author:
Spell out the name of the organization, corporation, or agency in the first citation. Follow any cumbersome name with an abbreviation in brackets, and use the shorter form in later citations. Example, first citation: Besides instilling fear, hate crimes limit where women live and work (National Organization of Women [NOW], 2001). Example, later citation: Pending legislation would strengthen the statuses on bias-motivated crimes (NOW, 2001).

No Author Given:
Give the title or the first few words of a long title. Example: These photographs represent people from all walks of live (Friendship, 2001). Full title: Friendship: Celebration of humanity.

Citing More Than Once:
When you cite the same source more than once in a paragraph, repeat the source as necessary to clarify a page reference or specify one of several sources. If a second reference is clear, don’t repeat the date. Example: Much of the increase in personal debt can be linked to unrestrained use of credit cards (Schor, 1998, p. 73). In fact, according to Schor, roughly a third of consumers “describe themselves as either heavily or moderately in financial debt” (p. 72).

Authors with the Same Name:
When your references include works by two authors who share the same last name, provide the author’s initials for each in-text citation. Example: Scholars have examined the development of African American culture during slavery and reconstruction (E. Foner, 1988), including the role of Frederick Douglass in this process (P. Foner, 1950).

Personal Communications, Including Interviews and Email:
In your text, cite letters, interviews, memos, email, telephone calls, and so on using the name of the person, the expression personal communication, and the full date. Readers have no access to such sources, so you can omit them from your reference list. Example: According to J. M. Hostos, the state no longer funds services duplicated by county agencies (personal communication, October 7, 2003).

Two or More Sources in a Citation:
If you sum up information from several sources, include them all in your citation. Separate the authors and years with commas; separate the sources with semicolons. List the sources alphabetically, then oldest to most recent for several by the same author. Example: Several studies have related job satisfaction with performance (Faire, 2002; Hall, 1996, 1999).

Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year:
If you use works published in the same year by the same author or author team, alphabetize the works, and add letters after the year to distinguish them. Example: Gould (1987a, p. 73) makes a similar point.

References:

- Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th Edition
- The Longman Writer’s Bible , P158-P161

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APA Format Abstract Page

Stephen — Wed, 15 Feb 2012 14:51:41 +0000

The abstract page is the second page of your APA paper. This abstract page is a summary of the major ideas contained in your research paper, readers often base on this to decide whether to read the whole paper. In writing the abstract, use no more than 120 words.

Formatting your Abstract page:
Location:	Place this page after your title page, on a new page. The abstract always falls on page 2.
Heading:	Use the same heading like on your title page: - 1 inch from the top - shortened title in uppercase, align left - page number 2, align right
Title:	Enter the title “Abstract” (without the quotes) below the heading, centered.
Tips:	The abstract should observe the following conventions: - Summarize your paper’s most important points - Reflect accurately the purpose and content of your paper - Be coherent so that it is easy to read - Remain objective in its point of view

Sample Abstract Page:

Sample APA Format Abstract Page

Sources:

- Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th Edition.
- Writing the Research Paper, 7th Edition.

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APA Format Title Page

Stephen — Wed, 15 Feb 2012 00:16:00 +0000

I did a search online and there are several versions of the title page for APA Format. If you are wondering which version to use, this page contains information on how to properly format your cover page using the latest APA Manual.

Your APA format title page should include 5 elements: running head, your paper’s title, your name, your University and author note (if required by your professor).

Elements
Running head:	Place the running head in your page’s header: - use label “Running head:” then your shortened title (IN UPPERCASE LETTERS), align left - place the page number in this same header, but align right, begin with page number 1 - this header should be 1 inch from the top. Some teachers say 1/2 inch is okay too.
Paper title:	Place your paper’s title in the upper half of the page, centered, capitalize the first letter of important words in your title.
Your name:	Place your name below your paper’s title, centered, double-space. If your paper has two or more authors, place the word “and” without quote between the names.
Your University:	Place your University’s name below your name, double-space.
Tips:	If your professor requires you to include his/her name, course title, etc… place these below your University name, double-space, on separate lines.

Sample APA Format Title Page:

APA Format Title Page

Source:

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th Edition

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Sample CSE Paper

Stephen — Mon, 13 Feb 2012 15:14:29 +0000

Here is a sample paper using CSE style. CSE (Council of Science Editors) is used primarily in the Life Sciences and medicine.

Brief History: In 1957, the National Science Foundation and the American Institute of Biological Sciences jointly established CBE, Council of Biology Editors. On Jannuary 01, 2000 CBE was renamed to CSE to more accurately reflect the naming of the style.

Credit: this paper belongs to University of Washington, writing and research center.

Sample CSE Paper, Page 1

Sample CSE Paper, Page 2

Sample CSE Paper, Page 3

Sample CSE Paper, Page 4

Sample CSE Paper, Page 5

Credit: University of Washington, writing and research center.

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APA Format

Stephen — Sun, 12 Feb 2012 21:20:56 +0000

APA Format

APA Format is widely used in psychology, business, education, engineering and the social sciences. APA stands for American Psychological Association.

According to apastyle.org, APA format was created in 1929 by a group of psychologists, anthropologists, and business managers. The main goal was to “establish a simple set of procedures, or style rules, that would codify the many components of scientific writing to increase the ease of reading comprehension.”

Currently, APA is at its 6th edition. APA is often called name-and-date style (MLA is often called name-and-work style).

APA Format Guides:

This page provides instructions and guides on how to format your APA citations and references.

General Differences between MLA and APA
APA Citation Generator
APA Reference Page
APA Format Title Page (apa cover page)
APA Format Abstract Page
APA Headings
APA Format Citation (apa style citation)
Sample APA Papers:
- Sample APA Paper 1: paper by writing and research center at University of Washington.
- Sample APA Paper 2: official sample paper by American Psychological Association.

General Format of Your APA Paper:

Format Type	Format Information
Paper:	Use white paper, 8 1/2 x 11 inches.
Margins:	1 inch {top, bottom, left, and right} (1 inch = 2.5cm)
Text Formatting:	- Font: Times New Roman - Size: 12 points - Do not justify the text - Double-space the entire research paper
Heading:	Include a header on the top of every page. In the header, you should have a page number (alight right) and a short version of your paper’s title, in uppercase, align left. See title page and headings above for more details and samples.
Major Sections:	Your paper should have 4 major sections: - Title page - Abstract page - Main body - References

APA Reference Formula:

APA Reference Formula

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